Since the Japanese "gay boom" of the 1990s, a body of manga by queer creators aimed at LGBT customers has been established, including both bara manga for gay men and yuri aimed at lesbians, which often have more realistic and autobiographical themes. These works are often extremely romantic and idealized, and include archetypal characters that often do not identify as gay or lesbian. Japanese manga tradition has included genres of girls' comics that feature homosexual relationships since the 1970s, in the form of yaoi and yuri. Notable comics creators have produced work from France, Belgium, Spain, Germany and Britain. A lack of censorship and greater acceptance of comics as a medium for adult entertainment in Europe has led European comics to be more inclusive from an earlier date, leading to less controversy about the representation of LGBT characters in their pages. The popularity of comic books in the Europe and Japan have seen distinct approaches to LGBT themes. Today comic strips educating readers about LGBT-related issues are syndicated in LGBT-targeted print media and online in web comics. Since the 1990s, equal and open LGBT themes have become more common in mainstream US comics, including in a number of titles in which a gay character is the star. The first openly gay characters in American comic strips appeared in prominent strips in the late 1970s and gained popularity through the 1980s.
Starting in the early 1970s, however, LGBT themes were tackled in underground comix, independently published one-off comic books and series produced by gay creators that featured autobiographical storylines tackling political issues of interest to LGBT readers. With any mention of homosexuality in mainstream United States comics forbidden by the Comics Code Authority (CCA) between 19, mainstream comics contained only subtle hints or subtext regarding an LGBT character's sexual orientation or gender identity.
Bruce Wayne and Dick Grayson in a panel from DC Comics Batman #84 (June 1954), which was used by Frederic Wertham to allege that comic books promote homosexuality.
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